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Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Module 2
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 29-29
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Frontmatter
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp i-vi
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Module 3
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 47-47
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Contents
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp vii-viii
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Module 4
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 79-79
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Index
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 186-200
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Foreword
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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Summary
It is a pleasure to write a Foreword to this book of MCQs. Sometimes an ‘accompanying volume’ is a poor relation of the original; not this one – it made me thirst to go to the excellent original to check and recheck my (rusty) facts!
It is also pleasing to see an MCQ book entirely devoted to radiological anatomy. Many medical schools are currently reducing the content of their anatomy (morphology, architecture, etc.) courses, given perceived overloading of the curriculum. Thus future radiological trainees may have less background anatomical knowledge than their predecessors. Radiology depends entirely on being able to recognise normal anatomy, anatomical variants thereof and abnormal structures. Indeed, detailed knowledge of anatomy and applied techniques is usually the deciding characteristic among radiologists and clinicians with an interest in imaging. It behoves all radiologists to learn anatomy in depth and to maintain and develop that knowledge throughout their professional career.
This book also serves as a reminder to examination candidates (and examiners) that anatomical questions are still very much in vogue within the new Royal College of Radiologists' examination scheme. This book jumps ahead so that the questions are grouped together in system-based modules: a forerunner of things to come.
Setting MCQs is no easy task. The authors have done a good job to make them relevant and realistic for examination purposes. Of course, there will be one or two minor quibbles when the book is reviewed and most statements including ‘may’ are true! However, this is not the point. This is a revision (or in some cases a vision) for those working to attain a certain standard of radiological anatomical knowledge.
Preface and Acknowledgements
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp xi-xii
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Summary
One of the best ways to prepare well for an MCQ exam is to make up MCQs whilst reading a text. This book is the result of such an effort for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR) 1 exam with the textbook Applied Radiological Anatomy.
The Royal College of Radiologists recently introduced the modular exam for the FRCR 2A. The radiological anatomy, techniques and physics will contribute about 15–20% of all the MCQs. The purpose of this work is to present questions on radiological anatomy for the six modules of the FRCR 2A. Therefore, the book is presented as six modules, each representing a module for the FRCR 2A. The modules should be read in conjunction with chapters in the textbook Applied Radiological Anatomy. The questions with the relevant answers are on opposite pages which makes easy reading. Some questions are based on pathology and some are related to general radiological technique from day-to-day practice. It is hoped that this will be stimulating to the trainee and help with better understanding in acquiring the general skills of performing and reporting radiological examinations.
We have not included a separate module on surface anatomy. However, questions on relevant surface anatomy are included in the various modules. Some of the chapters from Applied Radiological Anatomy have been included in a related module. For example, the chapter on renal tract and retroperitoneum and pelvis has been included in Module 4.
It is hoped that this book will provide radiology trainees with a focused approach to learning MCQs from different anatomical locations and prepare them well for the modules of the FRCR 2A.
Module 5
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 111-111
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Module 1
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 1-1
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Module 6
- Arockia Doss, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Matthew J. Bull, University of Sheffield, Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Paul D. Griffiths, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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- MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
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- 04 February 2010
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- 30 January 2003, pp 121-121
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MCQ Companion to Applied Radiological Anatomy
- Arockia Doss, Matthew J. Bull, Alan Sprigg, Paul D. Griffiths
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- Published online:
- 04 February 2010
- Print publication:
- 30 January 2003
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This revision aid will be of great practical benefit to all radiology trainees studying for their professional examinations. The carefully structured questions and answers will enable trainees to undertake a systematic assessment of their knowledge, as well as highlighting areas where additional revision is required. Developed to complement its highly illustrated parent text, Applied Radiological Anatomy, both books can be used together or independently of one another. The choice of questions are relevant and useful for radiology trainees world-wide.
18 - Role of MRI and radiology in post mortems
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- By Alan Sprigg, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Elspeth H. Whitby, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust
- Edited by Marta C. Cohen, Irene Scheimberg
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- The Pediatric and Perinatal Autopsy Manual
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- 05 September 2014
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- 01 January 2000, pp 362-375
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Summary
Introduction
Imaging assists the pathologist to visualize abnormalities that may not be evident to direct inspection. Post mortem imaging should be performed on all children where there is any suspicion about the cause of death (coronial or medical examiner request); in neonatal death; intrauterine fetal death; and termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities. Forensic autopsies may be performed with parental consent or as directed by the coroner (or equivalent legal officer).
The most common imaging modality is plain radiography. This can be performed either in the autopsy suite or using more specialized techniques. Most pediatric pathology departments have a dedicated imaging device, which uses low kilo-voltage (kV) X-rays to achieve maximum contrast and special imaging plates to achieve good spatial resolution and contrast on small specimens. For the larger fetus and in infants or children, plain radiography is performed by moving the body to the imaging department or alternatively using a portable machine in the autopsy room.
Imaging can assist the pathologist in diagnosis and guiding selective resection of bones followed by specimen radiography and then histopathological assessment.
More recently post mortem ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance (MR) scanning may allow further assessment and selective biopsy or restricted autopsy [1]. This is particularly useful in children whose parents have reservations about full autopsy. In the future “virtual autopsy” may be feasible. However, currently there are few detailed studies and experience in the clinical setting is limited.